• Slide for Blind or Confused: The Impact of 9/11 and Its Aftermath on Risk

    By Professor Nathan Freier

    In a defense and military security context, the United States has at times been “risk-blind” and, at others, “risk-confused” over the last two decades.1 These conditions likely predate the 9/11 attacks. But 9/11, the post-9/11 period, and the United States’ current struggle to adapt to post-primacy indicate defense and military leadership have yet to employ (or maybe are just now employing) risk effectively in their most important strategic decisions.2 If and when leadership begins to routinize risk-informed strategy development...

  • Slide for 9/11, Post-Primacy, and Defense Strategy Development by Professor Nathan Freier

    By Professor Nathan Freier

    September 2001 was Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) season in the Pentagon. The QDR was the Bush-Rumsfeld DoD’s first crack at publicly reshaping the post–Cold War military. The DPG was the classified instrument by which the Rumsfeld team was to reprioritize military planning and resources to meet the QDR’s public-facing, transformational vision. Thousands of civilian and military staffers entered the Pentagon through the old Metro entrance on September 11, 2001, ...